"swerd" meaning in Middle English

See swerd in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /sweːrd/, /swɛːrd/, /swɛrd/, /swoːrd/, /swɔrd/ (note: especially Northwest Midland or West Riding, from Mercian Old English sword), /s(w)urd/ [Southern] (note: from West Saxon Old English swurd)
Etymology: Inherited from Old English sweord, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą. The forms /swoːrd/, /swɔrd/ originally mainly occur in Northwest Midland Middle English and adjacent dialects (although it is the usual form in the Auchinleck Manuscript), but spread further in Late Middle English. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|sword}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|sweord|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English sweord, {{inh+|enm|ang|sweord}} Inherited from Old English sweord, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*swerd}} Proto-West Germanic *swerd, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*swerdą}} Proto-Germanic *swerdą Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} swerd, {{enm-noun|pl=swerdes}} swerd (plural swerdes) Forms: swerdes [plural], sweord [alternative], swert [alternative], swærd [alternative, Early-Middle-English], sweort [alternative, Early-Middle-English], swuerd [alternative, Early-Middle-English], sweerd [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sweerde [alternative, Late-Middle-English], swerid [alternative, Late-Middle-English], swerde [alternative, Late-Middle-English], swierd [alternative, Late-Middle-English], swyrd [alternative, Late-Middle-English], swyrde [alternative, Late-Middle-English], sqwerd [alternative, East-Anglia], sward [alternative, East-Anglia], zuord [alternative, Kent], sword [alternative], suerd [alternative, Northern, especially], suerde [alternative, Northern, especially], suord [alternative, Northern, especially], suorde [alternative, Northern, especially], surd [alternative, Northern, especially], squorde [alternative], squrd [alternative], sorde [alternative], sworde [alternative]
  1. A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):
    Sense id: en-swerd-enm-noun-yrsfk-Bk Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Weapons Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 14 14 18 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 18 18 22 Disambiguation of Weapons: 22 21 21 14 10 12
  2. A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):
    A ceremonial or ritual sword.
    Sense id: en-swerd-enm-noun-i03GyxbB Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Weapons Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 14 14 18 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 18 18 22 Disambiguation of Weapons: 22 21 21 14 10 12
  3. A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):
    (after to) Execution with a sword.
    Sense id: en-swerd-enm-noun-B2V-ojBn Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Weapons Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 14 14 18 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 18 18 22 Disambiguation of Weapons: 22 21 21 14 10 12
  4. (figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:
    Military might or power.
    Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-swerd-enm-noun-Jx8KP6fk Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Military, Weapons Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 14 14 18 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 18 18 22 Disambiguation of Military: 4 4 4 87 0 0 Disambiguation of Weapons: 22 21 21 14 10 12
  5. (figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:
    A piercing emotion or sensation.
    Tags: figuratively
    Sense id: en-swerd-enm-noun-CxOG~W4v Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 14 14 18 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 18 18 22
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun|altform=1}} swerd
  1. alternative form of sward Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: sward
    Sense id: en-swerd-enm-noun-D700FV-z Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Weapons Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 9 9 17 19 17 28 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 14 14 14 18 18 23 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 14 14 14 18 18 22 Disambiguation of Weapons: 22 21 21 14 10 12
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "lang_code": "ja",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "sōdo",
          "word": "ソード"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Māori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "hoari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "obsolete swerd",
        "sweard"
      ],
      "word": "sword"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swourd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swerd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swaird"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "swird"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sourd"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swourd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swerd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swaird"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "swird"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sword"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swourd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swerd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swaird"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "swird"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "suird"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sweord",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sweord",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sweord"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sweord",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*swerd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swerd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*swerdą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerdą",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sweord, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.\nThe forms /swoːrd/, /swɔrd/ originally mainly occur in Northwest Midland Middle English and adjacent dialects (although it is the usual form in the Auchinleck Manuscript), but spread further in Late Middle English.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "swerdes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweord",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swert",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swærd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweort",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swuerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweerde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swerid",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swerde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swierd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swyrd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swyrde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sqwerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sward",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zuord",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sword",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suerde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suord",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suorde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "squorde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "squrd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sworde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "swerd",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "swerdes"
      },
      "expansion": "swerd (plural swerdes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 21 21 14 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              81,
              86
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              88,
              93
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:34, folio 4, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "Nile ȝe deme þat I cam to ſende pees in to erþe / I cam not to ſende pees .· but swerd",
          "translation": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon)"
      ],
      "id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-yrsfk-Bk",
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword#English"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#English"
        ],
        [
          "blade",
          "blade#English"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut#English"
        ],
        [
          "stab",
          "stab#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 21 21 14 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
        "A ceremonial or ritual sword."
      ],
      "id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-i03GyxbB",
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword#English"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#English"
        ],
        [
          "blade",
          "blade#English"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut#English"
        ],
        [
          "stab",
          "stab#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ],
        [
          "ceremonial",
          "ceremonial"
        ],
        [
          "ritual",
          "ritual"
        ],
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 21 21 14 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
        "Execution with a sword."
      ],
      "id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-B2V-ojBn",
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword#English"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#English"
        ],
        [
          "blade",
          "blade#English"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut#English"
        ],
        [
          "stab",
          "stab#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ],
        [
          "to",
          "to#Middle_English"
        ],
        [
          "Execution",
          "execution"
        ],
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
        "(after to) Execution with a sword."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "after to"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 4 4 87 0 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Military",
          "orig": "enm:Military",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 21 21 14 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something injurious or destructive:",
        "Military might or power."
      ],
      "id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-Jx8KP6fk",
      "links": [
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "destructive",
          "destructive"
        ],
        [
          "Military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "might",
          "might"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
        "Military might or power."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Something injurious or destructive:",
        "A piercing emotion or sensation."
      ],
      "id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-CxOG~W4v",
      "links": [
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "destructive",
          "destructive"
        ],
        [
          "piercing",
          "pierce"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion"
        ],
        [
          "sensation",
          "sensation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
        "A piercing emotion or sensation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sweːrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swɛːrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swɛrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swoːrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swɔrd/",
      "note": "especially Northwest Midland or West Riding, from Mercian Old English sword"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/s(w)urd/",
      "note": "from West Saxon Old English swurd",
      "tags": [
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Auchinleck Manuscript"
  ],
  "word": "swerd"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "swerd",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "sward"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "9 9 17 19 17 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "14 14 14 18 18 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 21 21 14 10 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Weapons",
          "orig": "enm:Weapons",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of sward"
      ],
      "id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-D700FV-z",
      "links": [
        [
          "sward",
          "sward#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "swerd"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Military",
    "enm:Weapons"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "lang_code": "ja",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "roman": "sōdo",
          "word": "ソード"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Māori",
          "lang_code": "mi",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "hoari"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "obsolete swerd",
        "sweard"
      ],
      "word": "sword"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swourd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swerd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swaird"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "swird"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sourd"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swourd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swerd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swaird"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "swird"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "sword"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swourd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swerd"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "swaird"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Shetland",
          "lang_code": "scz",
          "word": "swird"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "suird"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "sword"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sweord",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English sweord",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "sweord"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English sweord",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*swerd"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swerd",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*swerdą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerdą",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sweord, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.\nThe forms /swoːrd/, /swɔrd/ originally mainly occur in Northwest Midland Middle English and adjacent dialects (although it is the usual form in the Auchinleck Manuscript), but spread further in Late Middle English.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "swerdes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweord",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swert",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swærd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweort",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swuerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Early-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sweerde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swerid",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swerde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swierd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swyrd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swyrde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Late-Middle-English"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sqwerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sward",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "East-Anglia"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zuord",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Kent"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sword",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suerd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suerde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suord",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "suorde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "surd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "Northern",
        "especially"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "squorde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "squrd",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sorde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sworde",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "swerd",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "pl": "swerdes"
      },
      "expansion": "swerd (plural swerdes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "bold_text_offsets": [
            [
              81,
              86
            ]
          ],
          "bold_translation_offsets": [
            [
              88,
              93
            ]
          ],
          "english": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:34, folio 4, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "Nile ȝe deme þat I cam to ſende pees in to erþe / I cam not to ſende pees .· but swerd",
          "translation": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword#English"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#English"
        ],
        [
          "blade",
          "blade#English"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut#English"
        ],
        [
          "stab",
          "stab#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
        "A ceremonial or ritual sword."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword#English"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#English"
        ],
        [
          "blade",
          "blade#English"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut#English"
        ],
        [
          "stab",
          "stab#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ],
        [
          "ceremonial",
          "ceremonial"
        ],
        [
          "ritual",
          "ritual"
        ],
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
        "Execution with a sword."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sword",
          "sword#English"
        ],
        [
          "long",
          "long#English"
        ],
        [
          "blade",
          "blade#English"
        ],
        [
          "cut",
          "cut#English"
        ],
        [
          "stab",
          "stab#English"
        ],
        [
          "weapon",
          "weapon#English"
        ],
        [
          "to",
          "to#Middle_English"
        ],
        [
          "Execution",
          "execution"
        ],
        [
          "sword",
          "sword"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
        "(after to) Execution with a sword."
      ],
      "raw_tags": [
        "after to"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something injurious or destructive:",
        "Military might or power."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "destructive",
          "destructive"
        ],
        [
          "Military",
          "military"
        ],
        [
          "might",
          "might"
        ],
        [
          "power",
          "power"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
        "Military might or power."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Something injurious or destructive:",
        "A piercing emotion or sensation."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "injurious",
          "injurious"
        ],
        [
          "destructive",
          "destructive"
        ],
        [
          "piercing",
          "pierce"
        ],
        [
          "emotion",
          "emotion"
        ],
        [
          "sensation",
          "sensation"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
        "A piercing emotion or sensation."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/sweːrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swɛːrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swɛrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swoːrd/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/swɔrd/",
      "note": "especially Northwest Midland or West Riding, from Mercian Old English sword"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/s(w)urd/",
      "note": "from West Saxon Old English swurd",
      "tags": [
        "Southern"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Auchinleck Manuscript"
  ],
  "word": "swerd"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English alternative forms",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Military",
    "enm:Weapons"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun",
        "altform": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "swerd",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "sward"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alternative form of sward"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sward",
          "sward#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "swerd"
}

Download raw JSONL data for swerd meaning in Middle English (8.2kB)

{
  "called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
  "msg": "''A sword (long-bladed cutting o'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
  "path": [
    "swerd"
  ],
  "section": "Middle English",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "swerd",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (d146717 and 59dc20b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.