See swerd in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sōdo",
"word": "ソード"
},
{
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "hoari"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"obsolete swerd",
"sweard"
],
"word": "sword"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swourd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "swird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sourd"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swourd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "swird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sword"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swourd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "swird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "suird"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sword"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweord",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sweord",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweord"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sweord",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swerd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swerd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swerdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerdą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sweord, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.\nThe forms /swoːrd/, /swɔrd/ originally mainly occur in Northwest Midland Middle English and adjacent dialects (although it is the usual form in the Auchinleck Manuscript), but spread further in Late Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swerdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sweord",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swert",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swærd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sweort",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swuerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sweerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sweerde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swerid",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swerde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swierd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swyrd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swyrde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sqwerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "sward",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "zuord",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "sword",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "suerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "suerde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "suord",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "suorde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "surd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "squorde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "squrd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sworde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "swerd",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "swerdes"
},
"expansion": "swerd (plural swerdes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 11 6 2 6 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
86
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"english": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:34, folio 4, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "Nile ȝe deme þat I cam to ſende pees in to erþe / I cam not to ſende pees .· but swerd",
"translation": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon)"
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-yrsfk-Bk",
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"blade",
"blade#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#English"
],
[
"stab",
"stab#English"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 11 6 2 6 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
"A ceremonial or ritual sword."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-i03GyxbB",
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"blade",
"blade#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#English"
],
[
"stab",
"stab#English"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
],
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
],
[
"ritual",
"ritual"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 11 6 2 6 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
"Execution with a sword."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-B2V-ojBn",
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"blade",
"blade#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#English"
],
[
"stab",
"stab#English"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
],
[
"to",
"to#Middle_English"
],
[
"Execution",
"execution"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
"(after to) Execution with a sword."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after to"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 87 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 11 6 2 6 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something injurious or destructive:",
"Military might or power."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-Jx8KP6fk",
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"Military",
"military"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
"Military might or power."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 7 15 15 15 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something injurious or destructive:",
"A piercing emotion or sensation."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-CxOG~W4v",
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"piercing",
"pierce"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
],
[
"sensation",
"sensation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
"A piercing emotion or sensation."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sweːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swoːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔrd/",
"note": "especially Northwest Midland or West Riding, from Mercian Old English sword"
},
{
"ipa": "/s(w)urd/",
"note": "from West Saxon Old English swurd",
"tags": [
"Southern"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Auchinleck Manuscript"
],
"word": "swerd"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "sward"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sward"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swaird"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sweard",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swardu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swardu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swarth",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of swarth",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sweard, from Proto-West Germanic *swardu, from Proto-Germanic *swarduz; thus a doublet of swarth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suerd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swerde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sward",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swarde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sworde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "swerd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 7 15 15 15 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
10,
16
],
[
29,
33
],
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "Storehouse for Children or Clerics, the First English–Latin Dictionary, […]",
"ref": "[c. 1440, Galfrido Grammatico [i.e., Geoffrey the Grammarian], “Swarde”, in Albert Way, editor, Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, dictionarius Anglo–Latinus princeps, […] [Storehouse for Children or Clerics, the First English–Latin Dictionary, […]] (Camden Society; LXXXIX), London: […] Societatis Camdenensis [Camden Society], published 1865, →OCLC, page 482, column 1:",
"text": "Swarde or sworde of flesche (swad or swarde, s.) Coriana.",
"translation": "Storehouse for Children or Clerics, the First English–Latin Dictionary, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-UFbs~bCn",
"links": [
[
"Skin",
"skin"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 7 15 15 15 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer.",
"The rind of bacon or pork."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-8Mh2mt51",
"links": [
[
"Skin",
"skin"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 7 15 15 15 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer.",
"A leather strap or belt."
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-OffGfLeZ",
"links": [
[
"Skin",
"skin"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"belt",
"belt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer.",
"(rare) A leather strap or belt."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 5 9 10 9 2 8 2 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 8 8 3 8 3 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 5 5 2 5 2 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 6 7 15 15 15 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 1 11 20 20 20 25",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animal body parts",
"orig": "enm:Animal body parts",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Anatomy"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 20 11 6 2 6 2 11",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Weapons",
"orig": "enm:Weapons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Turf, sward (earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of)"
],
"id": "en-swerd-enm-noun-VFQhaU6c",
"links": [
[
"Turf",
"turf"
],
[
"sward",
"sward"
],
[
"earth",
"earth#English"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#English"
],
[
"grow",
"grow#English"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#English"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛ̝ːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔ̝ːrd/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sward/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swaːrd/",
"note": "influenced by swarth or from Northumbrian Old English *sward"
}
],
"word": "swerd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sōdo",
"word": "ソード"
},
{
"lang": "Māori",
"lang_code": "mi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "hoari"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"obsolete swerd",
"sweard"
],
"word": "sword"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swourd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "swird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sourd"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swourd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "swird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sword"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swourd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swerd"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
},
{
"lang": "Shetland",
"lang_code": "scz",
"word": "swird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "suird"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sword"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweord",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sweord",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweord"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sweord",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swerd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swerd",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swerdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swerdą",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sweord, from Proto-West Germanic *swerd, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą.\nThe forms /swoːrd/, /swɔrd/ originally mainly occur in Northwest Midland Middle English and adjacent dialects (although it is the usual form in the Auchinleck Manuscript), but spread further in Late Middle English.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "swerdes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sweord",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swert",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swærd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sweort",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swuerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sweerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sweerde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swerid",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swerde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swierd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swyrd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "swyrde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "sqwerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "sward",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"form": "zuord",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Kent"
]
},
{
"form": "sword",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "suerd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "suerde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "suord",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "suorde",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "surd",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Northern",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "squorde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "squrd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sorde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sworde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "swerd",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "swerdes"
},
"expansion": "swerd (plural swerdes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
86
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
88,
93
]
],
"english": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
"ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:34, folio 4, verso, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
"text": "Nile ȝe deme þat I cam to ſende pees in to erþe / I cam not to ſende pees .· but swerd",
"translation": "Don't feel that I came to bring peace to the Earth. I didn't come to bring peace, but a sword.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon)"
],
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"blade",
"blade#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#English"
],
[
"stab",
"stab#English"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
"A ceremonial or ritual sword."
],
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"blade",
"blade#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#English"
],
[
"stab",
"stab#English"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
],
[
"ceremonial",
"ceremonial"
],
[
"ritual",
"ritual"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
"Execution with a sword."
],
"links": [
[
"sword",
"sword#English"
],
[
"long",
"long#English"
],
[
"blade",
"blade#English"
],
[
"cut",
"cut#English"
],
[
"stab",
"stab#English"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon#English"
],
[
"to",
"to#Middle_English"
],
[
"Execution",
"execution"
],
[
"sword",
"sword"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A sword (long-bladed cutting or stabbing weapon):",
"(after to) Execution with a sword."
],
"raw_tags": [
"after to"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something injurious or destructive:",
"Military might or power."
],
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"Military",
"military"
],
[
"might",
"might"
],
[
"power",
"power"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
"Military might or power."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Something injurious or destructive:",
"A piercing emotion or sensation."
],
"links": [
[
"injurious",
"injurious"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"piercing",
"pierce"
],
[
"emotion",
"emotion"
],
[
"sensation",
"sensation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Something injurious or destructive:",
"A piercing emotion or sensation."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sweːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɛrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swoːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔrd/",
"note": "especially Northwest Midland or West Riding, from Mercian Old English sword"
},
{
"ipa": "/s(w)urd/",
"note": "from West Saxon Old English swurd",
"tags": [
"Southern"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Auchinleck Manuscript"
],
"word": "swerd"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English doublets",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Anatomy",
"enm:Animal body parts",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Weapons"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "sward"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sward"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "swaird"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "swaird"
}
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sward"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sweard",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sweard",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*swardu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *swardu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*swarduz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swarduz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "swarth",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "doublet of swarth",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sweard, from Proto-West Germanic *swardu, from Proto-Germanic *swarduz; thus a doublet of swarth.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "suerd",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swerde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sward",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "swarde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sworde",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "swerd",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
],
[
10,
16
],
[
29,
33
],
[
37,
43
]
],
"english": "Storehouse for Children or Clerics, the First English–Latin Dictionary, […]",
"ref": "[c. 1440, Galfrido Grammatico [i.e., Geoffrey the Grammarian], “Swarde”, in Albert Way, editor, Promptorium parvulorum sive clericorum, dictionarius Anglo–Latinus princeps, […] [Storehouse for Children or Clerics, the First English–Latin Dictionary, […]] (Camden Society; LXXXIX), London: […] Societatis Camdenensis [Camden Society], published 1865, →OCLC, page 482, column 1:",
"text": "Swarde or sworde of flesche (swad or swarde, s.) Coriana.",
"translation": "Storehouse for Children or Clerics, the First English–Latin Dictionary, […]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer."
],
"links": [
[
"Skin",
"skin"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer.",
"The rind of bacon or pork."
],
"links": [
[
"Skin",
"skin"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"bacon",
"bacon"
],
[
"pork",
"pork"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer.",
"A leather strap or belt."
],
"links": [
[
"Skin",
"skin"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"outer",
"outer"
],
[
"layer",
"layer"
],
[
"leather",
"leather"
],
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"belt",
"belt"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Skin; the body's outer layer.",
"(rare) A leather strap or belt."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Turf, sward (earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of)"
],
"links": [
[
"Turf",
"turf"
],
[
"sward",
"sward"
],
[
"earth",
"earth#English"
],
[
"grass",
"grass#English"
],
[
"grow",
"grow#English"
],
[
"upper",
"upper#English"
],
[
"layer",
"layer#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/swɛ̝ːrd/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swɔ̝ːrd/",
"tags": [
"East-Anglia"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sward/"
},
{
"ipa": "/swaːrd/",
"note": "influenced by swarth or from Northumbrian Old English *sward"
}
],
"word": "swerd"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swerd meaning in Middle English (12.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "''A sword (long-bladed cutting o'[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"swerd"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swerd",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "page/1498/20230118",
"msg": "'\"Skin; the body's outer layer.\"[...]' gloss has examples we want to keep, but there are subglosses.",
"path": [
"swerd"
],
"section": "Middle English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "swerd",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.